[tat bahasa] Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don’t know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don’t really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

(http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences)

Example:

If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.(type I)

If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.(type I)

If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.(type I)

If you leave now, you can still catch your train.(type I)

If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.(type II)

If I were you, I would not do this.(type II)

If she were at work today, she would know how to deal with this client.(type II)

If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.(type III)

If I had missed the bus, I would have been late for school.(type III)

If you had done your job properly, we wouldn’t be in this mess now.(type III)

Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb Yaitu kata kerja yang memerlukan object untuk menyempurnakan arti kalimat atau melengkapi makna kalimat. Kata kerja Transitive diantaranya adalah: Drink, watch, read, fill, open, close, dll

Beberapa kata kerja Transitive :

• Noun (kata benda)

Contoh: He killed a snake.

• Pronoun (kata ganti)

Contoh: That snake bit her.

• Infinitive (infinitif)

Contoh: He desires to success.

• Gerund (kata kerja yang dibendakan)

Contoh: He disliked hunting.

• Phrase (ungkapan)

Contoh: She doesn’t know how to make things go.

• Clause (anak kalimat)

Contoh: We don’t know what she wants.

Source :

• http://ismailmidi.com/berita-211-verbs.html
• http://bahasakita.com/about/grammar/verb/transitive-verbs/
• http://www.englishgrammar-exercises.com/Verbs_transitive1.php
• http://siswaagungsegara.blogspot.com/2011/11/transitive-verb.html

Passive voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (a “voice”) in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). In the English language, the English passive voice is formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb.

For example, “Caesar was stabbed by Brutus” uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The counterpart to this in active voice is, “Brutus stabbed Caesar”, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus.

A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb.[1]English differs from languages in which voice is indicated through a simple inflection, since the English passive is periphrastic, composed of an auxiliary verb plus the past participle of the transitive verb.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice)

What difference does active and passive make? Well, for one thing, notice that in the passive sentence we don’t find out who does the action until the end of the sentence, and by moving that information to the end, we redistribute the emphasis in the sentence. Now we emphasize window by virtue of its position at the beginning of the sentence. Obviously that would be useful if we wanted for some reason to emphasize window or wanted to delay our reader’s knowledge that it was Jack who broke the window.( http://www.uhv.edu/ac/grammar/pdf/active.pdf)

Example:

My bike was stolen.

A mistake was made.

A letter was written.

It is said that women live longer than men.

Houses are built.

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