Information questions

Information questions adalah kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban berupa explanation (penjelasan). Kata tanya yang digunakan dapat berupa single word: what, where, why, who, whom, whose, which atau how; atau berupa phrase: whose + noun (noun-nya siapa), how long (berapa lama/berapa panjang), how many (berapa banyak), how much (berapa banyak), how often, what time, what kind (tipe/jenis/macam apa), which one (yang manakah), etc.

Ada 2 pola information questions, yaitu:

a. Jika yang ditanyakan adalah subject kalimat. Inversi auxiliary/be/do/does/did tidak diperlukan. Yang diperlukan hanyalah mengganti subject kalimat dengan kata tanya. Kata tanya yang dapat digunakan dalam pola ini adalah what, who, dan kata tanya berupa phrase (i.e. whose+noun, how many+noun, how much+noun, etc.) .

Who What Kata  tanya berupa phrase

+ verb + (object) + (modifier)

Contoh:

Someone cleaned the house. Who cleaned the house? INCORRECT jika: Who did clean the house?

Somebody has been killed. Who has been killed?

eny is smiling at her boyfriend’s photo. Who is smiling at her boyfriend’s photo?

 

Embedded Questions

Embedded question adalah pertanyaan yang sudah tersirat dalam sebuah kalimat,

Subject + verb + KATA TANYA + subject + verb.

atau pertanyaan yang sudah tersirat dalam sebuah kalimat tanya yang lain:

Auxiliary Be Do/does/did

+ subject + verb +

KATA TANYA + subject + verb.

Contoh:

Some students still don’t know when they should submit their assignment. INCORRECT jika: Some students still don’t know when should they submit their assignment. Incorrect karena auxilliary should diletakkan sebelum subject kalimat.

 Nobody can predict when the Lapindo disaster will end. INCORRECT jika: Nobody can predict when will the Lapindo disaster end.

 

Sequance of tenses

	Past	Present	Future
Simple	Past	Present	Future
Continuous	Past Continuous	Present Continuous	Future Continuous
Perfect	Past Perfect	Present Perfect	Future Perfect
Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	Present Perfect Continuous	Future Perfect Continuous

Contoh penerapannya adalah sebagai berikut:

	Past	Present	Future
Simple	She sang a song	She sings a song	She will sing a song
Continuous	She was singing	She is singing	She will be singing
Perfect	She had sung	She has sung	She will have sung
Perfect Continuous	She had been singing	She has been singing	She will have been singing

Say dan Tell

Say dan Tell mempunyai arti yang sedikit berbeda, yaitu "berkata" dan "mengatakan". Dalam tata bahasa (Grammar) Bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam topik Reported Speech, keduanya mempunyai pola yang berbeda. Cara sederhana untuk melihat sepintas perbedaan keduanya adalah pada contoh berikut:

- You say something

- You tell someone something.

You say something	You tell someone something
Ram said that he was tired	Ram told Jane that he was tired.
Anthony says you have a new job	Anthony tells me you have a new job
Tara said: “I love you.”	Tara told John that she loved him.